Startup Finances How To Raise Small Business Loans And Grants

Startup Finances How To Raise Small Business Loans And Grants Deciding to set up a business is easy enough. You have the business idea, and you know how to implement it. The problem, however, is raising the money to get the ball rolling. There will probably be less of a problem if you already have enough money lying around to invest in your own business, but if you are strapped for cash, or your money is not enough to cover the whole startup process, you will definitely need help. Fortunately, there are ways for you to be able to raise the money you need for your startup business.In the past, entrepreneurs had only about a handful of options available to them in order to raise money that they will use to start their small business. Times have changed, however, and entrepreneurs of today are now presented with a lot more options. It is only a matter of choosing the best option for them. © Shutterstock.com | vladwelIn this article, we will talk about 1) the challenges faced by startups, 2) financing a startup with loans, and 3) how to raise money through small business loans, and 4)  how to raise money through small business loans, and 5)  how to raise money through grants.THE CHALLENGES FACED BY STARTUPSHere is a sad reality: more startups fail than those that succeed. The failure of companies to get their business running and last for more than a couple of years â€" or even one year â€" can be traced to several challenges or problems encountered.Poor planning of the business model: The failure of the business model will lead to the failure of the startup. While preparing the business model, some entrepreneurs become overly optimistic and presume that acquiring customers is very easy.Market and competition: It is possible that the business ends up realizing that there is very little or no market for their product or service. There is also the fact that market condi tions have a certain degree of volatility, so it is entirely possible that the business may have timed its entry into the market wrongly. Competition is also another problem faced by startups, especially if they are up against companies or names that have already been established.Poor management: Having a poor management team in place will cause the company to suffer. Synergy is very important, from the top of the management chain down to the lowest rungs. There should be balance in every level. It would not do the business any good if the middle management is weak at executing plans despite the fact that the top management is always coming up with good concepts and strategies. This could also swing the other way, because even if the lower management is excellent at getting plans into motion, if the strategies and programs developed at the top are less than satisfactory, then they will still be unable to get the results they want.Product problems: The product itself may be the probl em. Perhaps it has a mediocre design. Maybe it does not meet the need of the market, or it falls short of expectations.Lack of funding or poor finances: If a business runs out of cash or it does not have enough cash, to start with â€" then it is bound to fail. Keep in mind that, in order to make money, you have to invest money first. Startups should expect to be incurring huge amounts of money to cover costs of starting the business and getting the business operations underway.SMALL BUSINESS LOANSStartup companies have difficulties securing loans from banks, primarily because small business owners â€" especially those who are just starting out â€" are seen as inexperienced and bad credit risks. Still, with proper presentation and research, they will still be able to convince lenders to provide them the funding they need.Types of Small Business LoansThere are several types of loans for small business that can be availed of by startups.A.     Short-term loans.  These are loans that ar e payable in a period of less than one year. Normally, these loans are needed by startups to cover their working capital for the first year of operations. They may also need to take out a short-term loan for purposes of having lines of credit.  Some of the most common types of short-term loans include accounts receivable loans and working capital loans.B.     Long-term loans.  Unlike short-term loans, these loans have longer maturities, not going shorter than one year. Usually, the maximum period is seven years, although some may run longer, depending on the terms agreed upon by the creditor and the borrower. These types of loans are normally availed of in order to be used for major business decisions such as business expansion, purchase of real property and other major equipment and machinery, and other startup costs.Sources of Small Business LoansSmall business loans can be secured from traditional (banks and credit unions) and non-traditional sources.Banks and credit unions: Bank s are the most common sources of funding by small businesses, as long as the latter are able to present a sound business proposal. Traditional bank loans are generally stricter when it comes to small businesses, however. Startups usually shy away from obtaining loans from banks, since the latter are more likely to go after the business owners’ personal assets and other collateral secured by the loan in case of default in payment. Banks also often take a long time to evaluate applications, so startups that are pressed for time to secure funding will hesitate in approaching them for a loan.Credit unions: Another commonly used source of a small business loan, credit unions can also be approached by startups looking for financing.Personal loans: You may also get a start up business loan from friends and family. Generally, you may simple take their money as a loan if you will not sell them a share of the business. The former is actually the preferred option since many small business ow ners would prefer to have full control of their businesses, instead of being answerable to members of their family. Other notable P2P lending companies are Upstart, Prosper, Peerform, CircleBack Lending, SoFi, Pave, Funding Circle, BorrowersFirst, and Daric.SBA (Small Business Administration): The United States Small Business Administration is known to provide loans to already operating businesses, particularly the stable and established ones. However, they also extend loans to startups, acting as an intermediary between the small businesses in need of financing and the non-bank lenders. One reason why the SBA is preferred by many is its low-interest rate. Aside from a small business loan, startups may also avail of the 504 fixed asset small business finance program from the SBA.There are several programs that are specifically designed for startups:7(a) Loan Program: The most popular loan program of the SBA allows business owners to borrow as much as $750,000 from their local 7(a) l ender. These loans are usually used for working capital, and purchases of assets and leasehold improvements.504 Loan Program: This loan is specifically for asset purchases, so the money received will be used for the purchase of land or machinery and equipment.Microloan Program: Loans under this program are of a smaller amount, generally up to $35,000 only. On average, a borrower can get $10,000. In order to avail of this program, startups must submit their application for a loan through a local intermediary organization, often community-based.Nonprofit Lenders: Startups may also approach nonprofit lenders to obtain a microloan. There are now several known nonprofit lenders that are specifically geared towards providing microloans for startup businesses, and one of the more recognizable names is Accion. The maximum loan that small businesses can get is $50,000. They have tighter procedures, however, since they require that the borrower have a credit score of at least 525, has a good cash flow, and has not declared bankruptcy within the past 12 months.Peer-to-Peer Sites: Another possible source of small business loans is online lending through a peer-to-peer (P2P) site. One good example is the Lending Club, which claims to be “America’s #1 credit marketplace”, and allows users to borrow up to $300,000 at rates starting at 5.9%. This site simplified the process by making customers interested in a loan to complete an application form online. They will then check the applicant’s risk and credit rating and, from there, assign the appropriate interest rates. In turn, investors will select from the applications what loan they would like to invest their money in.An advantage offered by these P2P sites is the ease of application (no more lengthy loan application processes and submission of documents such as business plans and loan proposals) and the flexible terms, which are arrived at through the risk and credit assessment. The fixed rates are also significantl y lower than that imposed by banks and credit unions.STARTUP FINANCING: SMALL BUSINESS LOANS AND GRANTSHow to Raise Money through Small Business LoansWhen you decide that taking a small business loan is the way to go to obtain the funding you require for your startup, there are several things that you must do.Step 1: You must have the 4 C’s of lending, since they play an important role when lenders evaluate your loan application.Cash flow, or your ability to make repayments as they fall due;Collateral, or the value of assets you are willing to pledge to secure your loan;Commitment, or the amount of your personal money that you will put into your business, because lenders are not agreeable that the entire amount of startup funds will come from the loan; andCharacter, or, more specifically, your personal credit score and financial history.Step 2: Prepare a solid and sound business plan, and present it properly.This is the first thing that lenders â€" not just banks â€" will look at. The business plan should contain all the relevant information, such as market research, financial projections, operational plan, and various other aspects related to the business. Follow the rules on how to prepare a business plan properly, and make sure the supporting documents are complete and correctly attached.When presenting the business plan, remember that you have to make a good impression to your prospective lenders. Make an effort to look presentable. Be familiar with the contents of your business plan, and you must know your business inside out so you can easily answer whatever questions they may have. And they will have many, be sure of that.Step 3: Write a good loan proposal.You must have a written proposal outlining your needs, and make sure that it is a good one. It is not enough to verbally approach a lending institution and tell them what you need. They generally prefer the request to be made formally and in black and white.The key elements of a good loan proposal i nclude the following:General information about the business, such as the business name, the principals, and basic details. This is also where you will state the amount of loan you are going to request and the purpose of the loan. Be very specific, because the lenders would like to see exactly what you will be spending the money on.Description of the business, with details on its history, operations, the organizational structure and number of employees, as well as the legal and ownership structure. You should also state the current business assets that you have.Profile of the management, where you will be providing background information on each of the principals in the management team. Make sure to highlight the qualifications and skills of each principal, highlighting what they can contribute to the startup.Market information, where you will be zeroing in on the products and services of the company, as well as the markets it will be catering. You will also have to discuss a bit abo ut the competition and your customers. Talk about how you plan to hold your own against your competitors, and how you will satisfy the needs of your customers.Financial information, which includes financial statements of the business. Since this is a startup, you would have to include projected financial statements instead. You may opt to just include the projected balance sheet and projected income statement, since the more detailed projected financial statements will be included in the Business Plan, which you will also be submitting to your prospective lender. Even the personal financial statements of the principals will also have to be included. Also include a list of collaterals that you can offer as security for the loan you are applying for.Step 4: Prove that you have great potential to make your repayments.In the case of nonprofit lenders, for example, they only extend loans to business owners that can prove that they have sufficient cash flow to make payments on the loan as they fall due. It would be a good idea to be able to show that you have another source of income separate from what you will be getting from the business you will start. One way to do this is to have a cosigner.Step 5: Establish a good relationship with credit reporting agencies while maintaining a strong credit rating.This will take more advanced thinking on your part, even before you planned on starting up a business. Loan officers tend to approach credit reporting agencies in order to get a copy of your business credit report, so make sure to maintain a good and strong personal credit rating.Step 6: When availing of small business loans, be mindful of the requirements of the entity you are applying to. The application process varies among lenders, so this is to be expected. Some agencies or lenders have special requirements that are not necessarily required by the others. Take note of these and submit what is required.Step 7: Always, always, make it a point to make a good impres sion on your lenders. This could be done by presenting good documentation as well as presenting yourself with confidence and professionalism whenever you interact with them.How to Raise Money for your Startup through GrantsWhen we say “grants”, the one source for startups that comes to mind is a government grant. The government has grant programs that are established in order to encourage startups. The good thing about getting a government grant is that you do not have to pay back the money that you receive. In some cases, there are even government agencies that operate venture funding groups, although this is considered, on the government’s part, as an investment more than a grant to the startup.Unfortunately, the downside to this is that there are not a lot of government grants available. The few that are available, on the other hand, have specific requirements that must be met, since they are mostly restricted to particular industries or recipients only.Step 1: Cultivate a good reputation, whether as a business operator, a service provider, or a collaborator with other businesses and entities. Grantors are most likely to look favorably towards businesses that have a good standing in the business community and the market it is in.Step 2: Similar to when you are applying for a business loan, pay attention to the requirements that you have to meet, particularly the documents you have to submit. The entity providing the grant is likely to have requirements unique to their organization, so be careful to take note of those specifics before submitting anything.Step 3: Many actually prefer grants because they are essentially receiving money free of charge. However, when obtaining funding through a grant, there are bound to be conditions that you will have to meet. Take note of these terms and conditions and assess whether they are acceptable to you and that your business will be able to meet them or comply with them.Step 4: Grants are admittedly difficult to find. Unlike banks and lending institutions, which are practically everywhere, granting companies and agencies are quite a few and far between. But if you know where to look, you will definitely find one you could apply for. And how should you look? Your first basis would be the theme of your business, or the nature of its operations. You may also use your demographics as a starting point when looking for potential grants.Step 5: Make your grant proposal as appealing as possible. Remember the effort you put into putting together a proposal when applying for a loan? Do the same when it is for a grant. Find out what the granting entity prefers: a brief yet meaty proposal or an even more extensive one. Make sure that the proposal contains the most salient details about your business.When looking for funding for your startup, expect to put in a lot of work. Money, after all, do not grow on trees, so you have to put a lot of effort in securing funding. Unless you have an exceptional prod uct or service and your business plan is fool-proof, you are bound to have a tough time convincing lenders and grantees to give you the money you need.

Utilization Of Coastal Resources For Sustainable Economics - 7700 Words

Critically Evaluate The Utilization Of Coastal Resources For Sustainable Economic Development Of The Region (Term Paper Sample) Content: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBICOLLEGE OF EDUCATION EXTERNAL STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESCOURSE TITLE: REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENTCOURSE CODE: TGN 402TASK: CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE UTILIZATION OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION.NAME: WILLIAM LUSIGE AKOTOREG NO: E35/3162/2011SUBMITTED TO: DR. NDOGONIDATE OF SUBMISSION: 1st NOVEMBER 2017SIGNATURE: ..TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 COASTAL RESOURCES AND THEIR USE * TOURISM * SALT WORKS * IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE * LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION * PORTS AND SHIPPING. * FISHING * EXPORTING KENYA'S CORAL REEF FISH * EXPORTING KENYA'S CORAL REEF FISH * TURTLE EGG TRADE * MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES * SALT WORKS * LIMESTONE AND CEMENT * OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION * INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 3 CURRENT SITUATION AND THREATS FOR KENYAN COASTAL SYSTEMS 4 CONSERVATION 5 BENEFITS OF UTILIZATION OF COASTAL RESOURCE 6 CONLUCION 7 REFERENCE1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe Kenyan coastline is approxim ately 500 km long, with a well developed fringing reef system except where major rivers (Tana and Athi Sabaki) discharge into the Indian Ocean. The coastal zone environment and its resources in the western Indian Ocean region countries.Kenya has a rich diversity of marine and coastal ecosystems. These ecosystems include mangrove wetlands, coastal forests, estuaries, sandy beaches and sand dunes, coral reefs, and sea grass beds that support a host of marine and coastal species. The ecosystems constitute an important life-support system for local communities. They supply vital resources that support livelihoods and economic development. Additionally, these ecosystems maintain the health of marine and coastal landscapes and seascapes at large.The Kenyan coast is also endowed with a rich history of social and cultural interactions and traditions that span the entire shoreline. Notable amongst these traditions are the social, cultural, and economic opportunities that have been provided t o the Kenyan coastal population through the use of the marine and coastal ecosystems for food, trade, recreation, and transport (Government of Kenya 2011). It is reported that trade in mangrove poles surpassed tourism and agriculture in foreign earnings in colonial times. To this day, opportunities for employment, tourism, and recreation provided by the marine and coastal environment and its resources, continue to make considerable contribution to the Kenyan economy. It estimated that more than 60% of tourists visiting Kenya must pass through the coast2.0 COASTAL RESOURCES AND THEIR USE2.1 TOURISMThe Kenya coast is rich in historical and archaeological sites, a testament to its long and full history depicting centuries of Swahili culture. Various remnants of mosques and other buildings reflect different ensembles of Islamic architecture using lime, coral stone and timber. In general the historical and cultural sites are placed in some distance from the coastline and would not be aff ected by an oil spill. The Atlas includes some of the most important historical and cultural sites located close to the coastline.The first hotels directed at tourism were built in Malindi during the early part of the 20th century. In the last thirty years, rapid expansion in the recreation and tourism industry has occurred. The main attractions for this new industry include the warm coastal climate slightly mellowed by a cool sea breeze, the beautiful coastal scenery and foremost, the beautiful and clean sandy beaches. All the facilities that support the new expansion in the tourism industry are therefore located next or adjacent to beach environments. In some areas, such as the coastal strip around Mombasa, the rapid development of tourism has put pressure on the sustainable use of coastal resources such as the coral reef. Demand for seafood, shells and coral souvenirs has risen sharply as local supplies have become depleted. The pressure on the coastal ecosystem extends further a nd further from the resorts, spreading the impact.Tourism has been growing steadily in Kenya since independence from British rule in 1963, and over time has become one of the countrys leading sectors, employing tens of thousands of people. Foreign exchange earnings from tourism increased rapidly from 1989, to KShs 28.1 billion in 1994. However, from 1995 the sector declined, recording earnings of KShs 17.5 billion in 1998. The major slump that occurred in 1998 was attributed to several factors, including civil clashes in Likoni, Mombasa in 1997, which elicited adverse coverage by the international media; damage to infrastructure caused by the El Nio rains of 1997/1998; terrorist acts (bombings of the American Embassy in 1998 and Kikambala in 2001), and competition from countries with a similar product, especially countries in southern Africa, the Caribbean and South East Asia (Government of Kenya, 1999).Tourism is a leading foreign exchange earner in Kenya. In 1998, the sector contr ibuted 9.2% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), supported 560,000 people in both the formal and informal sectors and accounted for 18% of all of Kenyas export and foreign currency earnings (UNEP/GPA and WIOMSA, 2004). Income from tourism-related economic and business activities is an important and reliable source of revenue to the central government and local authorities.As in many other Kenya regions, tourism is one of the key drivers of coastal areas socioeconomic development. In spite of the growing importance of tourism as a key industry, little information is available on the holistic economic impacts and the pathways through which these impacts are affected in the Coastal region economy.2.1.1 Tourism-related activitiesThe tourism industry at the coast has spurred other economic activities through forward and backward linkages. Safari tour companies, curio vendors, boat operators, entertainment spots, Tourism-related activities offer employment opportunities for coastal dwelle rs and generate revenue for the local authority and central government. The tourism sector is an important buyer of produce and products from the agricultural and livestock sectors. It also supports income-generating community initiatives such as the Ren Haller Park in Mombasa, and the Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary in Kwale.2.1.2 Socio-economic impacts of tourismThe development of coastal tourism has resulted in clusters of beach hotels within one kilometer of the shoreline which are served with access roads, electricity, water and other basic infrastructure. However, local peoples settlements have generally remained without these services. In addition, the indigenous coastal people (especially the Waswahili) ownership or employment within the tourism industry (Sindiga, industry at their doorstep has often resulted in disaffection among local people. Tourism has also had profound socio-economic impacts in the predominantly Muslim coastal towns, especially Mombasa and Malindi. The in crease in social problems such as school drop-outs, drug use and peddling, petty crime, family disputes and prostitution is often linked to tourism (Sindiga, 2000).2.2 IRRIGATION AGRICULTUREIrrigation agriculture is practiced in the Tana, Umba and Athi Sabaki floodplains. Rice is the main crop in Tana and Umba River floodplains. Irrigation in the Umba flood Plaines is controlled by the local community while in the Tana floodplains is managed by Tana and Athi River Development authority (TARDA).2.3 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONLivestock rearing is mainly concentrated in the marginal lands of the coastal region, which makes up 69% of the total area. Overall, Tana River district has the highest livestock population in the area.The main challenges faced by livestock farmers are frequent droughts, poor management, wildlife invasions, pests and diseases, inadequate infrastructure, poor marketing of ranch products, and insecurity.The pastoral communities in Tana River district graze large herds of cattle in the lower ridges of the Tana River basin. During droughts, the pastoralists graze right inside the Tana Deltas wetlands. Furthermore, cattle from around the country, some from as far as the North-Eastern Province, are brought to the delta during the dry season. This seasonal increase in the number of cattle grazed in the Tana Delta wetlands points to the need for an assessment of the carrying capacity of the wetland.2.4 PORTS AND SHIPPING.Maritime transport of goods and passengers accounts for 15% of the economy of the Kenya coast. Mombasa Port at Kilindini is not only the largest sea port in Kenya, but also one of the largest and most important ports along the entire East African coast. It is an integral component of the entire countrys economy (Hoyle, 2000). The Port serves Kenya and landlocked neighboring countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Southern Sudan. It is connected to the worlds major ports, with over 200 sailings per week to Europe , North and South America, Asia, the Middle East, Australia and the rest of Africa.2.5 FISHINGThe fishery sector contributes about 4.7% of the national Gross Domestic Demand (GDP) and it is an important foreign exchange earner. The marine fisheries sector in Kenya land about 10,000 tons of fish which accounts for about 10% of the total fish landed in Kenya. Marine fisheries in Kenya are based on a small number of species, the most important of which are demersal and caught by artesian fishermen operating between the shoreline and the reef. Conflicts exist between small marine fishers and financially powerful companies, for example who purchase and occupy large tracts of coastal land...

Compact Classification Essay - 1004 Words

IV. PACKET CLASSIFICATION SCHEME Once the network services priority descriptors have been created and associated with their according rules, the next goal is to analyze the rule set and to build a compact lookup structure with a minimal: storage, overall processing time and an optimized lookup time for high priority network services. One general way to compute a compact classification structure, comprises in partitioning the overall rule set into smaller and easily manageable groups called subsets. The subsets are generally organized into a tree structure (a.k.a. index trie). Hence, an incoming packet will be processed first by scanning the tree in order to find a subset(s) with potentially matching rules. Then the captured subsets are†¦show more content†¦The top node in the graph includes all existing match field values with no rules and is successively grouping rules to describe the dependencies . The investigation of rules semantics and the generation of groups with dependencies is a nontrivial task owi ng to the computational challenges [4] . To tackle this issue, we have applied Formal concept Analysis (FCA) [7], which relies on results from algebra and lattice theory [10]. In order to adapt the FCA method to our case, the rules were considered as objects and the match field values as attributes. The clusters of FCA helps to find the rule sets that are intentionally described by the respective sets of common match fields. Yet, the output of the FCA method is computed according to numerical similarity with no support of the hardware constraints and the network services priorities. Indeed, the FCA clusters generally satisfy a single cardinality constraint min or max leading to the notion of iceberg lattice. A solution to this drawback is to tune FCA methods by searching within the set of nodes for subsets that provide the best trade-off between high priority services lookup time and storage. Once the subsets are selected, a lookup key is chosen for each subset: here, also the choice is guided vis-`a-vis storage minimizing whichShow MoreRelatedAn Essay On Foucault s Virtue1376 Words à ‚  |  6 Pages â€Å"What is Critique? An Essay on Foucault’s Virtue† is the article that Judith Butler reads and analyzes the ideas of Foucault’s in the article, â€Å"what is Critique?† Foucault wants to express his ideas that critique is a repetition of un-defeat of the matter, which would deliver the issue with an evident kind of independence. But, when Foucault discards the impression of the autonomous topic, what portions of independence is actually thinkable for the subject? Butler’s article really wants to explainRead MoreNewspaper854 Words   |  4 PagesInternet. 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The Upper Room Discourse ( John 13-17 ) - 1005 Words

The Upper Room Discourse (John 13-17) marked the end of Jesus’ three-year ministry and served to be Jesus’ farewell address to the beloved apostles. During Jesus’ final moments with the apostles, Jesus would proceed to institute a new blood covenant (Luke 22:20; Mark 14:24) and provide final instructions and encouragement to the apostles before facing the sorrow, rejection, betrayal, and death for which Jesus had come into this world (Houdmann, n.d.). Thus, the final moments between Jesus and the apostles revealed countless theological truths that were demonstrated through word, deed, admonishment, and prophecy (Douglas Tenney, 2010). Before revealing those truths, Jesus would have to settle a dispute (Luke 22:24) amongst the apostles†¦show more content†¦Jesus’ departure also created anxiety and questions amongst the apostles (Pentecost, 1981). Thus, in the narrative of John 13:36-14:31, Jesus lovingly admonishes the apostles with the command of â€Å"Let not your heart be troubled† (Wiersbe, 2007). As a consequence of this command, Jesus promised the apostles a place in heaven along with Christ’s return (John 14:3), assurance that Christ was the way to the Father (John 14:6), and a permanent, indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit (John 14:16; Acts 13:52) who would be the apostle’s teacher (Luke 12:12) in Jesus’ absence (Gromacki, 1978). Most profound is the fact that with Jesus’ ascension into heaven, the apostles would benefit in Jesus’ absence (John 14:9) with greater spiritual power (Pentecost, 1981). Additionally, Jesus also revealed the divine e ssence of the Godhead (John 14:9) while further defining the true essence of Christianity, â€Å"Ye in me, I in you† (Gromacki, 1978). As Jesus continued instructing the apostles in John 15:1-16:4, attention was turned to the apostle’s present condition and how the â€Å"great commission† could be fulfilled (Pentecost, 1981). In the metaphor of the vine and branches (John 15:5), ChristShow MoreRelatedLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 6 Notes Essay9463 Words   |  38 PagesI. Question One: Where are you going? (13:36; 14:1–4). â€Å"Simon Peter asked him, ‘Lord, where are you going?’ Jesus replied, ‘Where I am going, you cannot follow now, but you will follow later. Do not let your hearts be troubled. Trust in God; trust also in me. In my Father’s house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you. I am going there to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may Read MoreLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 5 Notes Essay examples11938 Words   |  48 Pagesdetermined by the size of his flock. Much of the economy throughout the biblical history of Israel was dependant largely on this industry. The Lord was identified as the shepherd of Israel. (Ps. 80:1; 23:1). Text Parables There are no parables in John, unlike the Synoptics. The word parable is not used here, but paroimian a Wayside saying or proverb. Sheep fold normally represented Israel. Often the fence was a ring made out of thorn branches. Thieves and robbers. Rustling was always a problemRead MoreAn Understanding Of Inequity : How Authority Affects Pay Differences Between Women And Men2542 Words   |  11 Pages (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. Journal of Human Resources, 8 (4), 436-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144855 Bolman, L., Deal, T. (2003). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership (3rd ed.). : John Wiley Sons. Burke, K., Duncan, K., Krall, L., Spencer, D. (2005). Gender differences in faculty pay and faculty salary compression. Social Science Journal, 42 (2), 165-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2005.03.006 Carcary, M. (2009). TheRead MoreInstructive Text Types11631 Words   |  47 Pagesand communicative purpose. Longacre in 1976 proposes a four-fold typology based on two parameters, temporal succession and agent orientation, summarized in figure1. The combination of these two parameters gives the four types of monological discourse: narrative, procedural, behavioural, and expository. Figure 2 | + agent orientation | -agent orientation | + temporal succession | Narrative1,3 personagent orientationaccomplished timechronological linkage | Proceduralno specific personparticipantRead MoreRosalind Krauss - Photographys Discursive Spaces9350 Words   |  38 Pagestwo distinct kinds of knowledge; in a more recent vocabulary, one would say that they operate as representations within two separate discursive spaces, as members of two different discourses. The lithograph belongs to the discourse of geology and, thus, of empirical science. In order for it to function within this discourse, the ordinary elements of topographical description had to be restored to the image produced by Fig. 1 Timothy OSullivan, Tufa Domes, Pyramid Lake (Nevada), 1868. Fig. 2 PhotolithographRead MoreMelting Pot6314 Words   |  26 Pagessouthern white people† (p147). The Peabody Education Fund, a philanthropic endeavor established by the wealthy financier George Peabody for the purpose of improving southern education, found that from 1862 to 1872 the white population had increased by 13%, but the illiteracy rate had increased by 50 % (p.147). In the twelve years following the Civil War, the period known as Reconstruction, local government in the South was directed by the Federal government. This was a bitter pill for many white SouthernersRead MoreEnglish Theoretical Grammar. Exam Answers12872 Words   |  52 Pagesstem and inflection: e.g. smiled = smile + ed. The other name for the word-form is lemma. We may play lemmas in the language: e.g. He went his came (ОÐ ½ Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'  Ð ½Ã °Ã ·Ã °Ã ´). Came is a word-form. Types of word-formation (derivation). 1. Affixation: He rooms here. 2. Sound alternation: foot-feet, speak-spoke. 3. Suppletive formation: good-better-the best; go-went-gone. 4. Analytical word-formation: I am coming; She is sleeping. Here the so-called problem of the analytical word-form arises. There areRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 Pagescomplete the reunion of the old friends who were together at Bourton more than three decades earlier. [2] Taking the plot of Mrs. Dalloway as a starting point, Cunningham transcodes it into North-American turn-of-the-millennium terms. The London upper-class wife Clarissa Dalloway receiving illustrious guests in the evening is the model for Clarissa Vaughan giving a small party for her friend Richard, who has just won the Carrouthers Prize in recognition of his literary merits. It was also RichardsRead MoreWhat Is Entertainment?7217 Words   |  29 PagesWollheim writes of the institutional theory of art; in his words, â€Å"Painters make paintings, but it takes a representative of the art-world to make a work of art† (14). Fiedler (23) and, to an extent, Gans (9-10) argue that class partly affects taste; the upper classes are more likely to embrace what is defined as elite culture than the working class. Another approach emphasizes self-improvement, even at the cost of pleasure. Edwin Lawrence Godkin, the founding editor of The Nation, defined culture—meaningRead MoreFigur ative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesmoral principle. 2. alliteration: repetition of initial consonant sounds. It serves to please the ear and bind verses together, to make lines more memorable, and for humorous effect. †¢ Already American vessels had been searched, seized, and sunk. -John F. Kennedy †¢ I should like to hear him fly with the high fields/ And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. -Dylan Thomas, â€Å"Fern Hill† 3. allusion: A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of

Speech On Racism And Oppression - 1604 Words

The first day of this course I felt confident that I was educated on racism and oppression, however after reviewing my initial video from the first few weeks of class, I quickly comprehended that in fact I had not been appropriately educated on racism or oppression throughout my life. I was among many individuals in society who were convinced that they looked at all individuals equally, so color of skin was never a factor taken into consideration. Unfortunately, I didn t realize how damaging the colorblind approach was. In reality, I was ignoring racism as a whole, when telling myself that color of skin did not exist. †¨ Thus far we have been in class for 11 weeks and looking back on my video made me realize how much I have transformed my thoughts in just 11 weeks. I feel that I have always been,an open-minded person, but I didn t recognize how many aspects of racism I was failing to consider. I wasn t failing to recognize racism because I didn t care by any means, it is the fa ct that the norm in society is to disregard issues regarding racism, in hopes the issues will simply vanish. As a result, throughout the class I have become educated that it is required to accept my own whiteness, before I could attempt to develop my own white identity and potentially help towards overcoming racism as a social worker. According to the Hardiman White Racial Identity Developmental model, I feel as if while first entering class I was in the resistance stage. When entering class,Show MoreRelatedThe Media, Oppression, And The Islam915 Words   |  4 Pagespartiality. In the process of understanding the media, oppression, and the Islam religion, as well as how the elements are intertwined, the simple solution of education presented itself; a result that allows for a better understanding and recognition of discrimination in mass media. Education is the solution to prejudiced westernized media that has projected Islamophobia for years; triggering hatred, discrimination, o ppression, and pure racism- especially in the United States after the terrorist attacksRead MoreA History of Oppression: the Mistreatment of Australian Aboriginals1541 Words   |  7 PagesMistreatment of Australian Aboriginals Cases of oppression are very much present within our world’s history, and even in most societies today. Being rich in history, Australia is a large example of oppression in our world. Not only can we find koala bears and kangaroos in the continent of Australia, but also the world’s oldest existing culture of aboriginal people (Aboriginal Australia - EmbraceAustralia.com). For nearly 50,000 years, Australia has served as home to these ancient indigenous peopleRead MoreA Gathering Of Old Men By Ernest J. Gaines909 Words   |  4 PagesGathering of Old Men†, by Ernest J. Gaines, there are some events that corresponds to issues Malcom X responds to in his speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet†. Mathu’s believes in his respect as an equal person and gains it by not fearing white people. However, the preacher Jameson fears the whites and is scared of the consequences of standing up to them. In the book, times have changed and racism is slowly dying. In the story, â€Å"A Gathering of Old Men†, Mathu was a character that was respected, because he fearedRead MoreThe Underlying Hate Of America836 Words   |  4 Pagesprejudice it can already be assumed who was wrongly accused. This is a prime example of underlying racism and white privilege. In today s society racism is still a large problem. Racism is a malevolent set of ideas that was race is inferior as opposed to others. It is a poisonous cycle that can never be solved until people can acknowledge their privilege, have more compassion and take a stand against racism. Lots of people have had the mindset that people not as privileged as them can get work, respectRead MoreCritically Examine How Black Feminism Emerged And Assess1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthat effected middle and upper class white women. Many white women adopted ‘colourblind’ approach when dealing with black women issues. Sojourner Truth, a women’s right actives and a slave abolitionist delivered her popular speech â€Å" Ain’t I a Woman? â€Å" this speech is important for the contemporary black feminism because it When the Black feminist movement emerged in the U.S in the 1960s, it addressed the impacts of the hetero-normative, capitalist, sexist, white supremacist patriarchy. ItRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn the excerpt, â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison explores the defining issue of racism in America by highlighting the use of power white people use to oppress black people. 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In King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, metaphors are used to illuminate theRead MoreModern America s Foundation Consists Of Equality And Their Values Against Discrimination1737 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues against discrimination. However, during the 1900’s equality was not as easy as it is today due to factors such as individuals viewing themselves as superior to others. According to the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), this is the mentality known as racism. It’s defined as â€Å"the belief that a particular race is superior or inferior to another, that a person’s social and moral traits are predetermined by his or her inborn biological characteristics...†(ADL). The persistence in the 1900’s of White AmericansRead MoreLetter From A Birmingham Jail And Barack Obama s A More Perfect Union1304 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice everywhere...Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. I really thought that this was a very powerful sta tement and one that makes absolute sense. Barack Obama also stated something very similar in his A More Perfect Union speech stating the following ...I believe deeply that we cannot solve the challenges of our time unless we solve them together... Today racial inequality is ongoing whether you are aware of it or not. We have come a long way from segregated seats to publicRead More`` Apostles Of Disunion : The Rise Of The Confederacy That Fought For Slavery1064 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced during years prior. In an attempt to end the debate, Charles B. Dew explains in his book, Apostles of Disunion: Southern Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War, the Southern state’s motives to secede from the Union were primarily slavery, racism, and white supremacy which can still be traced within today’s culture through social media and their projection of beauty. Through the compilation of speeches, letters, and political documents made and perpetuated by secession commissioners, Dew provides

Food, Inc. The American Food Industry - 1880 Words

Food, Inc. The American food industry is a complicated field. There have been various attempts to investigate how the agribusinesses manage to produce food for such a large population. The companies involved in the industry have to resort to any means necessary to produce food that is enough to feed the population. The filmmaker, Robert Kenner, investigates the industry and the practices they undertake to produce food through a 2008 documentary titled Food, Inc (Lindenfeld 385). The film shows the immoral practices by the company that result in unhealthy food being produced and sold to unsuspecting customers. The practices also have a negative effect on the environment, the animals, and the workers employed by these firms. This article examines the film to establish some of the arguments made and the moral concerns raised. The film depicts the American food industry as being controlled by companies that put profit above the environment and the natural world (Flowers and Swan 234). The ordinary American consumers prefer convenience and affordability when it comes to their food. To meet the needs of this market, the companies have to find ways of lowering their costs to maintain productivity. The goal of the food companies is to produce as much as they can using as little resources as possible. This helps to increase the revenue margins. In the process of achieving these revenue margins, the companies often resort to methods, which are harmful to the environment. AldoShow MoreRelatedHealth Risks Of The Meat Industry1358 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Risks in the Meat Industry Over the past decade, the industrial food system has met the needs of American consumers. Food has been in great supply, from breads, to dairy products, to canned goods, to fillets. The meat industry alone has seen a rapid industrialization and provides its own unique challenges and risks. The meat in the grocery stores is plentiful, but it is very different today than it was prior to this rise in production. While the production numbers provide a very clear ideaRead MoreTrying for Humane Farming651 Words   |  3 PagesWhen dealing with food, Americans are forced to put their trust into the food industry. Although, there has been an increase of awareness, not enough, on how the industry grows food, processes, and what Americans consume. The United States is riddled with food industry immorality, obesity, and inadequate nutrition education. The government should have more control of the food industry, beyond the mandating of Nutrition Facts labels. In order to enhance the life qual ity of Americans, the governmentRead MoreEssay about Food Inc873 Words   |  4 PagesFOOD INC.: An unflattering look inside Americas corporate controlled food industry. Movie Review by Markovist Wells Professor Patrick Elliott POLS 1101-511 Essay Question: In what ways does this movie demonstrate the â€Å"Iron Triangle† and its powerful influence in the manner that our government functions? In the documentary Food Inc. The message is that the food industry does not want us to know about what we are eating. . This problem mayRead MoreAmerica s Food Industry : An American Scholar And Writer1205 Words   |  5 Pagesview aspects of life. This is evident when it comes to the food industry. For years now America has tricked consumers into believing that there is a wide selection of foods in grocery stores, but in reality, many of those products come from the same place (Food Inc.). Unfortunately, many consumers are blinded by the image of variety displayed in grocery stores to the point where that is actually what they believe. 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In the short term these things don’t affect us, but in the long run what we consider small and insignificant can come to ruin our health issue. Many Americans do not know what is inside the food that they eat in their every day lives. Food Inc. is a 2009 AmericanRead MoreDocumentaries Have Been Around For Ages. The Genre Is Often1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmuch more attention. Documentaries can span from every subject from wrongful convictions, to food choices, to animal cruelty. This paper will examine the impact of documentaries, problems they uncovered, and the responses made by each company. In particular, I will be exploring the documentaries Food Inc. and Blackfish. Food Inc. Food Inc. is one of the more popular documentary films, especially in the food segment of documentaries. It grossed almost $4.5 million during its time at the box office

The Middle Passage Free Essays

The introduction of international trade throughout the continent provided the Americas with goods once thought unattainable. Different trade routes began to stem from the original triangle route. All of these routes had one goal; to transport the goods in high demand in the most time and cost efficient way. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle Passage or any similar topic only for you Order Now The different branches were trading systems between the America’s, Europe, and Africa. Through these routes, captains traded goods and services such as slaves, sugar, tobacco, cotton, textiles, and many other manufactured goods. One history changing route was the Middle Passage. The course of this route was used to transport kidnapped Africans so they could be enslaved in the Americas. Within a three hundred year period, it is approximated that over ten million African slaves were kidnapped and trafficked to the Americas through the Middle Passage. The plights of the slaves across the middle passage were increased by the physical abuse, emotional abuse, and horrific living conditions they faced on their journey. During their trip across the Middle Passage, the African captives were subjected to despicable and inhumane physical abuse. Slaves were stacked on top of each other during the packing process. Taken from their homes and family’s straight into the bondage of enslavement, slaves were whipped and beaten until they complied. One slave ship physician, Dr. Thomas Trotter, described the slaves as â€Å"locked ‘spoonways’ and locked to one another† (Document C). Slaves were chained together in the hold to prevent possible rebellions against their white abductors. It was very uncomfortable for the slaves in the tween decks, for there was no space for them to move, and even the slightest movements caused their shackles to cut into their skin. While many slaves obediently complied with restraints and orders, some dissented, causing them to face the severe consequences for their behavior. As Thomas Phillips, a slave ship captain, writes in his account of traveling the Middle Passage, â€Å"commanders [had] cut of the legs or arms of the most willful slaves† (Document B). By severing limbs of disobedient and unruly slaves, the commanders were able to display their supremacy over the slaves. These intimidations tactics scared the slaves into submission, allowing more control for their captors. Throughout the Middle Passage, the African slaves were exposed to much physical abuse. The spirit-breaking journey across the Middle Passage consisted of much emotional abuse against the African captives. After capture, the slave captains wanted to break the slaves will to fight, for broken slaves had more value to future masters. Subsequently, more value on the auction block. Olaudah Equiano, a captured African slave, retells of his experiences aboard the slave ship by saying, â€Å"the shrieks of the women and the groans of the dying rendered the whole scene almost inconceivable† (Document e). Unable to comfort one another because of the shackles that bound them, the slaves sat in humiliation and discomfort, listening to the gut wrenching cries of their companions. Ottobah Cugoano, a slave, once stated, â€Å"death was more preferable than life†¦a plan was concerted among us that we might burn and blow up the ship†¦to perish together† (Document E). Living and experiencing the painful trip to the Americas took all the courage and strength the slaves could muster. Many slaves turned to thoughts of suicide, for it was the only thing that could relieve them of their despair. The trip across the Middle Passage was not for the faint of heart, for the emotional abuse the slaves faced on the Middle Passage was ruthless; only the strongest survived. Across the Middle Passage, captured slaves were forced to reside in unspeakable and inhumane living conditions. Slaves were forced to survive in the bowels of the ship with contaminated water and foreign, non-beneficial food. As the ship rocked, so did the â€Å"cargo† of slaves. Zamba Xembola, a prince turned captive slave, recounts his encounter as an onlooker to the slave transportation by saying, â€Å"The poor slaves below†¦were mostly thrown to the side, where they lay heaped on top of each other†¦fifteen of [the slaves] were smothered† (Document D). Made helpless because of their chains, slaves would begin to roll and pile on top of one another after large storms or waves rocked the boat. Many of these events resulted in the suffocation of those on the bottom of the piles, for they would not be relieved from their positions for many hours after the crew made their rounds, and righted all the piles. On top of this, poor ventilation compounded the problems of a slave struggling to breathe. Olaudah Equiano describes the conditions in the tween decks by commenting, â€Å"[the air was] unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells and brought on a sickness among the slaves† (Document E). Because of the close quarters in the tween decks, diseases spread quickly, often plaguing entire rows at one time. Both the dead and living slaves coexisted in the tween decks, with the rotting bodies of passed slaves transferring many diseases before being found, often times, several days after the original death. Pungent, rancid smells often filled the tween decks, caused by the living, dying, dead, and human waste. The nauseas stench lived coherently with the slaves, rendering the entire trip even more unlivable. There was no relief from the constant harsh living conditions the slaves had to endure. Across the Atlantic Ocean on the Middle Passage, captive Africans were physically abused, emotionally abused, and forced to live among the living and dead in abysmal living conditions. With the introduction of new technology, lands once uncharted became reachable. Using the networks created from the Atlantic Trade System, trade ships traveled across the continents to trade human cargo for manufactured goods in a never ending triangle. Throughout the three hundred years, the millions of Africans transported faced a lifetime of backbreaking work and pain. At the end of slavery, the African population greatly outnumbered the White population, creating a large income gap, and damaging an entire race as well as the entire southern economy. After the slave trade was outlawed, African ancestors were forced to pick up the pieces of a broken history and face the permanent damage with many more years of struggles to come. How to cite The Middle Passage, Essay examples The Middle Passage Free Essays The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Myself† Is a traumatic narrative of the horrors suffered by the Africans slaves of the 18th century, which has touched my heart. No human being should ever have to endure what the African slaves and their families endured during slavery and voyage through the â€Å"The Middle Passage†. The Middle Passage was called the route of the triangular trade through the Atlantic Ocean in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle Passage or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author starts by giving details of the terrible conditions that he encounters on board of a slave ship. An example of the terrible condition in which the slaves lived is narrated by Equiano (2013) as: â€Å"The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so Intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time†¦ † (1388) â€Å"The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the umber In the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us† (p. 388). The conditions the Africans slaves endured during the Middle Passage were horrific; no human being should be force to live in such deplorable conditions. The lack of freedom on the slave ships caused great distress to the enslaved Africans. They were treated as cargo, chained one with the other and had to perform their bodily functions while chained. They were also forced to sleep cramped together few of them barely escaped with out their limbs atrophying. They rarely had enough to eat or drink, and would grow sick in drove, than many of them wanted to die instead of living a life full of cruelties. The slaves were so tired of the detrimental conditions In which they have been forced to live In slave ships, under the most abominable and hellish hyglenlc conditions that they preferred to die, as Olaudah Equiano (2013) writes, â€Å"two of my wearied countrymen who were chained together (l was near them at the time), preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the ettings and Jumped into the sea; immediately another quite dejected fellow, who, on account of his illness, was suffered to be out of iron, also followed their example† (p. 388) Some slaves did everything in the power to end their life; some tried to throw themselves into the Atlantic Ocean, but many were prevented from doing so by the crew and then they were nearly beaten to death to serve as an example, to prevent other slaves from doing the same. Most of the slave encounter white men for the first time when they were brought to the ship, to them those white men with red faces and long loose hair where a strange creature speaking a language they could not understand. They were suddenly separated from their families and forced to live with strangers whose languages they could not understand. I cannot even imagine the turmoil these families when through. For most of the Africans slaves the Middle Passage marked the beginning of their emise, a life of detrimental treatment, torture and horrible living conditions. For others the Journey thru the Atlantic Ocean marked the end of their lives. Those of them that survived, however, were faced with the agony of a long horrendous Journey to an unknown land where an unknown future awaited them. How to cite The Middle Passage, Papers