Pros and Cons of Raising a Minimum Wage Essay - 1126 Words

Minimum Wage A minimum wage is the lowest hourly wage that employers have to compensate the workers for their service. Currently the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. However, many states also have their own minimum wage laws. In those instances, the employee is entitled to the higher of the two minimum wages. In this paper we will discuss the brief history of the minimum wage law and its current legislation. We will also analyze the pros and cons of raising the minimum wage, and the merits of each argument. The minimum wage was first introduced in New Zealand in 1894. It wasn’t until 1938, that President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the first US minimum wage law called the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The FLSA sets†¦show more content†¦They believe that a minimum wage increase is needed to continually maintain its value. The federal minimum wage is not adjusted for inflation therefore every time inflation goes up and the minimum wage remains the sa me, its value decreases. â€Å"The value of the minimum wage in real dollar terms has risen and fallen on political tides, peaking in 1968 when an hour’s wage pay bought nearly 5 gallons of gas. By 2006, it paid for less than 2 gallons† (Fitzpatrick, 2009). Those who oppose the Fair Minimum Wage Act argue that higher wages will cause higher unemployment. These supporters are generally Republicans and employers of small businesses. They believe businesses will not be able to afford to pay higher wages and therefore must lay off employees. They also believe that increasing the minimum wage can jeopardize small businesses because smaller businesses operate at a smaller profit margin than large companies. Therefore, some smaller businesses would need to lay off employees to reduce their overhead costs and some may be forced out of business completely. Furthermore, they believe increasing the minimum wage will make inflation go up. They believe businesses have no choic e but to pass the increase in cost to the customers by increasing prices of their products and services. ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTS Those in favor of the Fair Minimum Wage Act, claim this act will restore the minimum wage value and provide for theShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage1908 Words   |  8 PagesTai K. Lamar Jennifer Chicosky ENG-111-IN1 07/21/17 Raising the Minimum Wage from $7.25 Can you live off $7.25 an hour? Would you be able to pay all your bills, and have plenty of money left over for food, as well as personal pleasures? Imagine your salary was cut down to a forty-hour work week at the minimum wage salary in your state. Can you save money while on a minimum wage hourly salary? These same questions are on the minds of many Americans that are currently facing these struggles every timeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage993 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough it is not a new topic in America, the decision to raise the minimum wage continues to be controversial, especially in the political realm. The political parties still move to block the opposing party from successfully implanting their ideals, causing either nothing to be accomplished or the situation to worsen. Research shows that raising the minimum wage a reasonable amount would lessen the gap between the rich and the poor, continue to fulfill its original purpose of protecting workers Read MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage1156 Words   |  5 PagesPros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage When you picture a minimum wage worker, who do you picture? Do you see a sixteen year old, a middle-aged mother, a college graduate, or even a senior citizen worker? In September of 2013, California governor Jerry Brown signed a new bill into act that would cause the California minimum wage to rise from the current $8.00 and hour to $10.00 and hour in increments over the next three years. The minimum wage rate will go up in two separate $1.00 boosts.Read MorePros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage1122 Words   |  5 PagesSince 2009, the federal minimum wage rate for employees has been $7.25 per hour. In retrospect, this is hardly enough pay to take care of one’s self-- let alone a family with children. If a person were to add up the average cost of living for one week and then compare it to the average amount of money earned in minimum wage for that week, it would be apparent that there is little to no extra money for emergency situations. Increasing the minimum wage has been a major controversial issue; DemocratsRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesFederal Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour. In just two years from 2013, the demanded from advocates for raising minimum wage rose from $9 to $15. However, raising the minimum wage is more complex than simply raising the number of federal standard of pay for employees. Relative control groups and other market activities play a part in the outcome of the minimum wage. For example, one instance of market activity was observers said that raising the minimum wage did not hurt individuals; however, wages wereRead MoreEffects of Increasing Minimum Wage794 Words   |  3 Pagesa federal minimum wage is a good one. The idea is to protect low and unskilled workers and allow workers to earn a living wage. The recent debate on the floor, though, is whether or not to raise the minimum wage from the current $7.25 per hour up to $10.10. President Barack Obama made this proposal during his an nual State of the Union Address, and after this there were many hot debates about it. The debates focused not only on the pro side and the con side of increasing the minimum wage, but alsoRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1573 Words   |  7 Pages What is minimum wage? It is the lowest amount that employers must pay their workers per hour of their labor, legally prescribed by federal government. According to Bureau of Labor Statics, United States Department of Labor, minimum wage was first introduced in United States by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1938 called Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA). The initial minimum wage was set to $0.25 per hour in 1938 (Grossman). The minimum wage was increased twenty-two times from 1938 to 2009. AtRead MorePersuasive Essay Outline :Minimum Wage964 Words   |  4 Pages Persuasive Essay Outline :Minimum Wage 1 Intro - I want you to think about your very first job .Were you a Bellhop ,cashier ,bartender ,cooks(fast food ),lifeguard, .Now how about your second job were you a airport worker or child care worker.About how much were youRead MoreBenefits Of Working For Minimum Wage907 Words   |  4 Pagestheir employe’s hourly wages based on a minimum wage. Today in America we have many hard workers who are working for minimum wage which consists of $7.25 per hour. There is some businesses that believe all employees should be paid at minimum wage while other businesses pay well over minimum wage. Skills, attitude, responsibility and work ethic all affect how employers base employees hourly wage. When looking at the economy the government should not increase mnimum wages, there are many factorsRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage? Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most discussed issues around the country. Everyone has a different opinion if raising the minimum wage would help families across the country to have a better lifestyle or if would cause an unbalance in the economy. Democrats and Republicans have a different view on this issue, while Democrats supports raising the minimum wage by $15 an hour, Republicans have stated that they refuse increasing the wage because it would leave different factions of Americans outside of

The Body System The Endocrine System - 1419 Words

The action of typing this assignment involves almost all the body systems: the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the nervous system (brain, nerves, and spinal cord), the integumentary system, the respiratory system, lymphatic system, digestive system, urinary system, immune system, and the muscular system. The nervous system and the muscular system work together to perform the action, while all the other systems provide the necessary support such as the energy required, the oxygen required, and the skeletal support required. The nervous system is the master communications and controlling system of the body. It is organized into two main divisions: the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS). CNS†¦show more content†¦The sodium-potassium pump plays an important role in depolarization and repolarization of the action potentials of the membrane. When the membrane is at resting potential, the sodium and potassium channels are closed. The stimulus starts the depolarization of the membrane to a threshold, after which sodium channels are opened. A large influx of sodium ions into the cell generates a positive membrane potential and causes rapid depolarization as a result of which an action potential is generated. As the membrane potential reaches +30 V, the sodium channels get inactivated, and the potassium channels are opened. The potassium ions move out of the cells beginning the repolarization of the membrane and restore it to its resting potential (Martini et al. pp. 40 8-409). These action potentials developed by the stimulus are carried by the axons of the sensory neurons to the CNS. The information carried by the action potentials is processed at every relay synapse, and is sent to the multiple nuclei and centers in spinal cord and brain (Martini et al. p. 510). In the brain, the general somatic sensory information is relayed to the Primary Somatosensory Cortex neurons. The Premotor Cortex (Somatic Sensory Association Area) interprets the received sensory information, and the instructions to type are relayed to the Primary Motor Cortex. The Primary

Night Creature Hunter’s Moon Chapter 23 Free Essays

â€Å"Don’t,† I said. I tried to get up, but Damien held on. He was taller than me and a whole lot stronger. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Besides, it was hard to fight someone while buck naked and sexually languid. Though my head said run, my body said walk, or perhaps lie here and do it again. â€Å"Let me go.† â€Å"No.† He continued to rub my back. Fingers drifting along my scar, thumbs sliding against my spine. One movement relaxed me; the other made me want to jump out of my skin. â€Å"Why are you embarrassed by this?† he murmured. I didn’t answer, couldn’t speak. My eyes burned and my throat went tight. The scar would forever remind me that I had been the one to bring disaster down on everyone I loved. It was fitting that Hector had made me as ugly outside as I was inside. What kind of woman slept with one man when she was engaged to another? That was a rhetorical question. I can spell slut as well as the next guy. When I got up, Damien let me go. When I went to get my clothes, he followed. I tensed, expecting him to touch me again. Instead, he kissed me – right on my scar. I spun around and slapped him. The sound of the blow was crisp in the silence of the early morning. A red slash rose on the pale skin of his cheek. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I whispered, horrified that I’d struck him. He ignored my apology, ignored what I’d done, what I’d said, to take me in his arms and lay his palms all over my back again. â€Å"Do you think this makes you ugly?† â€Å"I don’t need a scar for that.† His eyebrows lifted and he tilted his head. I pulled out of his embrace. I’d said too much. I had to get out of here before I blabbed every secret in my head. I put on my pants, reached for my shirt, and his fingers circled my wrist. â€Å"Leigh, talk to me. I’d like to understand.† His gentle voice did me in. Tears seeped from my eyes. I had to make them stop. Big, bad werewolf hunters did not cry. Petite, blond girlie-girls did. They also got their families murdered before their eyes while powerless to do anything about it. I was no longer that girl; I was the hunter. I tore away from his touch, threw on my shirt, and ran out of the bar, then up the stairs. Once in my room I shut and locked the door. I was alone. I should be happy. Instead, the sadness, the loneliness, pressed at me. I needed to see Jimmy. To remember what it had felt like to love and then lose him. â€Å"I can’t live through that again,† I whispered. I was tearing through my suitcase, tossing clothes onto the floor, desperate to find the only snapshot I’d kept of him, when the door behind me clicked open. I spun around. Damien stood in the doorway. There was a key in the lock. â€Å"You can’t just come in here.† My brave words would have sounded better without the tears on my face and the wobble in my voice. He removed the key, tucked it into his pocket, and closed the door. â€Å"Talk to me,† he repeated. â€Å"I can’t.† He was half-naked again – loose black pants, no shirt, no shoes. He’d get very little service here. â€Å"You think you’re ugly because of a scar. You don’t know what ugly is.† Actually, I did. I’d been killing it for two years now. But I couldn’t share that with him any more than I could share anything else. â€Å"There’s such ugliness in this world, Leigh. So much sadness, so much loneliness. I’ve seen some pretty awful things, moving around like I do. Met some truly ugly people.† He thought I was upset because I was maimed. I was, but not because of the mark, because of what it represented. Hector was coming back for me. It was only a matter of time. And if Damien was in his way, he’d end up just like Jimmy. â€Å"This can’t happen again,† I blurted. Only a foot away, he reached out and yanked me against him. Shocked, I let him. He kissed me – mouth open, tongue searching, teeth clashing. Lifting his head, he murmured, â€Å"You mean that?† â€Å"Y-y-yes.† â€Å"Maybe it can’t, but it will. You know it, and I know it. I can’t stop touching you. You can’t stop wanting me to.† I’d have accused him of being arrogant if he hadn’t been right. Which only made me more panicked. More frightened. More desperate. â€Å"No.† I shoved him away with both hands to his chest. He barely moved. Grabbing my forearms, he dragged me onto my tiptoes. With my feet off the ground and my hands captured I could do nothing but stare at him. â€Å"Yes,† he insisted, and his eyes deepened from hazel to brown. â€Å"You want this to be just sex? Fine. It’s just sex. If that’s all you can give me, then that’s what I’ll take.† He licked a tear from my cheek. I shuddered as my body cried out for his. â€Å"Damien – â€Å" He kissed me again. This time I straggled. He was right. I wanted him beyond all reason, and that terrified me. The door crashed open. Suddenly Damien was gone. I stumbled and nearly fell. Then I could only watch as Will socked Damien in the jaw. I opened my mouth to shout, â€Å"No,† but Damien’s fist shot out almost too fast to see. It was certainly too fast to avoid. Will’s chin snapped back. The two shook their heads like dogs who’d been doused in water, then circled each other. I took a step forward just as Will did some fancy Oriental round kick. Damien caught Will’s foot right before it connected with his nose. I blinked, impressed. Then Damien shoved and Will tumbled to the floor. I grabbed Damien’s arm. He shook me off. His face was set, his eyes wild. This was not good. Will flipped from his back onto his feet in a lithe gym-nastic movement. He jabbed, feinted, and knocked Damien’s legs out from under him. Damien went down hard. Will advanced, lip raised in a semisnarl. What was the matter with these guys? They were no better than animals. I jumped on Will’s back. â€Å"Stop,† I panted. Will kept going, and I cocked my arm around his throat, tightened just a little. He choked and froze, giving Damien a chance to get to his feet. He appeared extremely pissed. Jessie chose that moment to walk in my door. â€Å"What the – ?† She yanked me off the boyfriend by my hair – a neat trick, considering the length of it. I’d known we’d go round and round; I just hadn’t expected it to be like this. We were adults, law enforcement officials, comrades in arms. We shouldn’t be screeching and scratching and fighting like girls. But we were. I was angry – at myself, the world, you name it. She was pretty mad, too. I guess I couldn’t blame her. She’d seen me jump on her boyfriend and try to choke him. What did I expect? A present? What I got was a scratched cheek, a bruised wrist, and a kick in the shin. The last really hurt. â€Å"Bitch!† I snarled, and I went for her eyes with my thumbs. Someone hauled me back. Jessie came after me with her hands crooked into claws. Will caught her around the waist. The two of them crashed to the floor and rolled around. I was having enough trouble of my own. An iron band was choking off my air. I glanced down and recognized Damien’s arm. He was holding me off the ground. I was kicking him in the knee. â€Å"Relax, Leigh. Calm down.† â€Å"Easy for you to say,† I wheezed. He kissed my neck, just below my ear. â€Å"Hush,† he whispered, and amazingly, I wanted to. I went limp in his arms and he set my feet back on the floor. â€Å"Let me go,† I demanded. â€Å"I don’t think so.† He kept his arm around my waist, though he loosened his grip so I could breathe. My entire back was pressed to his front, and he appeared awful glad to see me. No wonder he didn’t want to let me go. In those pants of his, everyone would know how very much he liked me. Jessie was still cursing, so Will sat on her. â€Å"Jeez, Jess, if you’re gonna have a catfight, at least tear off some clothes, fall in a lake.† â€Å"Find a vat of Jell-O,† Damien muttered. Will glanced at him and smirked. â€Å"Exactly. Make it worth our while.† I frowned. The two of them had been bent on killing each other only moments before; now they were pals? Jessie and I exchanged glances. â€Å"Men,† we said at the same time, with the same disgusted inflection. They ignored us. â€Å"I take it you know Leigh,† Will said. â€Å"And you appear on good terms with the sheriff.† â€Å"I thought you were hurting her,† Will explained. â€Å"We were having a minor disagreement. I appreciate your taking care of her.† â€Å"Her is right here,† I growled. â€Å"And she can take care of herself.† â€Å"Of course she can,† Damien said easily, and released me. I spun around with narrowed eyes. His words had sounded suspiciously patronizing. The red mark on his jaw made all the fight drain out of me. I wanted to touch him, to hold him. Behavior from days gone by when I’d been a nurturer and a caregiver. I was neither any longer, so I tucked my hands into my pockets and turned away. Jessie tried to throw Will off her back but had no luck. â€Å"Get off me, Cadotte; you weigh a ton.† â€Å"You promise to play nice?† â€Å"Hell, no.† â€Å"That’s what I thought.† He got off her anyway. Jessie bounced to her feet and sent me a glare. I raised my hands. â€Å"I surrender.† â€Å"Good. I don’t want to give the two of them any more stiffies.† She lowered her gaze to Damien’s pants. â€Å"Although he doesn’t seem to need any help.† Her eyes flicked to me. â€Å"What have you been up to?† â€Å"Jess, mind your own business,† Will said. â€Å"She is my business.† â€Å"You wish.† Jessie ignored me. â€Å"Who the hell are you, Fitzgerald? Where did you come from?† â€Å"Around.† â€Å"You’re working for cash. That’s illegal.† Damien held out his wrists. â€Å"Arrest me.† Jessie’s lips tightened. â€Å"Maybe later.† He turned his attention to me. â€Å"You had her check me out?† I shrugged. â€Å"Better safe than sorry.† â€Å"And what did you find?† â€Å"Not one damn thing,† Jessie interjected. â€Å"No one’s that perfect. You’ve got secrets, Fitzgerald, and I want to know what they are.† â€Å"Get in line,† he muttered. The room went silent. Jessie glared at Damien. I glared at Jessie. Damien glared at me. Will was the only one who didn’t seem upset. Anymore. â€Å"So where did you study?† Will asked. Damien blinked and turned to him. â€Å"Study what?† â€Å"Self-defense.† â€Å"The school of hard knocks.† â€Å"You’ve never had formal training?† Will appeared shocked. â€Å"I’ve been doing tai chi for quite a few years. You’re as quick as anyone I’ve ever seen.† â€Å"Thanks.† Damien didn’t elaborate. Another little secret to add to the pile. I couldn’t throw stones. I wasn’t going to tell him about my past, either. â€Å"What are you two doing here?† I asked. The last time I’d seen them they’d been fighting. Right about now they should be†¦ making up. â€Å"I had a call from Elwood,† Jessie said. For a minute I had no idea who she was talking about. Then I remembered Elwood was the deputy. Jessie had given him the picture of Hector. If Elwood had called, then – The blood drained from my face and I swayed. â€Å"Leigh!† Damien caught me, but I shoved him away. â€Å"I’m all right.† Jessie and Will were staring at me as if I’d sprouted two heads. â€Å"What’s the matter with you?† she demanded. â€Å"We need to check out a new wolf kill. I can’t have you puking in the bushes on the way.† â€Å"Wolf kill?† I said faintly. â€Å"Yes. Elwood came across – † She broke off and glanced at Damien. â€Å"You mind?† â€Å"Uh†¦ no. Sure.† He squeezed my shoulders. â€Å"I’ve got to get some sleep.† He kissed my forehead and I resisted the urge to cling. â€Å"I’ll see you later.† The sound of his footsteps clattering down the steps receded far too quickly. Why I suddenly associated Damien with safety I wasn’t sure, but I needed to stop. The only person I could depend on was myself – and maybe Edward. â€Å"Elwood didn’t recognize Hector?† I blurted. â€Å"What?† Jessie had been scowling at the door. â€Å"Oh, that’s why you went white. I haven’t shown him the picture yet. I was going to when we reached the site.† Will sighed. â€Å"Sorry, Leigh. Jess gets focused on one thing, to the exclusion of all else. She didn’t mean to scare you.† Obviously Jessie had told Will about Hector. Or at least as much as she knew. â€Å"I can apologize for myself.† Jessie glanced at me. â€Å"I wasn’t thinking.† I shrugged. It wasn’t her fault I was crippled by the thought of Hector Menendez anywhere near me. â€Å"You think this guy could be the one we’re looking for?† Will asked. â€Å"I don’t know.† â€Å"Who else could it be?† Jessie demanded. â€Å"Herman is Hector. He’s a cannibalistic serial killer. Hector is the white wolf.† â€Å"I don’t know if the white wolf I saw was Hector. I never got close enough to see this one’s eyes. Besides, I’ve seen white wolves before when they weren’t really there.† I frowned. â€Å"Just not lately.† â€Å"He’s here,† Jessie said. â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"No buts. He’s here somewhere. We’re going to find him and cut out the bastard’s heart.† â€Å"She likes you,† Will murmured. â€Å"I can tell.† Jessie gave him a narrow-eyed glare before returning her attention to me. â€Å"You’re not crazy, Leigh, not anymore.† I wished I could be as certain of that as she was. How to cite Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 23, Essay examples

Implications Of Managing Technology Driven â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implications Of Managing Technology Driven Globalization? Answer: Introducation Globalization has led to many positive changes in the world. Most of these changes are technology-driven. Technological break-throughs have led to many changes in work places, schools and homes. This has led to things been done faster and turn-around times of many processes reducing drastically. This fast pace however, also leads to a number of challenges. The first challenge is that there are many cultural differences, which influence the way people work (Young Platt 2016). The fast pace may lead to cultures not being able to interact well as some people may not be comfortable in doing things too fast. Another challenge that may be faced is employees may lose interest and get de-motivated. This is because workload will be high as everything is needed fast. This will lead to burnout and employees begin feeling stressed when they think about work. The fast pace that has been adopted can easily lead to more mistakes. Due to very strict deadlines and pressures to meet them, employees e nd up making mistakes, as they have to work extra-fast so that they cope with targets (Young Platt 2016). As much as technological break-throughs bring positivity, organizations need to find ways of coping with the negative effects brought about by fast-paced environments. Reference Summary: Crozet, C., 2017. Globalization and Culture.Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, pp.1-8. The above reference looks at globalization and its effect on culture from different perspectives such as anthropology, sociology and international relations. It looks at how culture has been affected by globalization and in effect, the kind of impact it has had on various lives. Globalization has changed the way some things are done in different cultures and this also has an effect on human behavior and the way tasks are performed. References Young, J.T. and Platt, J.J., 2016. Rethinking identity: Globalization and technology.International Journal of Psychology,51, p.650

The Sovereignty and Goodness of God

The True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson Throughout the history of the planet exploration, the pioneers who dared to set their foot on a new terrain not infrequently faced a multitude of obstacles and barriers ranging from purely practical difficulties of settling in a new environment to spiritual conflicts between the cultural worlds of the aborigines and the newcomers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Sovereignty and Goodness of God specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the early decades of American colonization, the settlers found moral support in their religious background based on Protestant values. Mary Rowlandson in her captivity narrative Captivity and Restoration dwells on a dramatic period in her life when she was taken hostage by the Native Americans and approaches the events from the position of her Protestant beliefs, which not infrequently lead her to misinterpreta tion of human actions as those purely guided by God’s will. Mrs Rowlandson’s Protestant outlook reveals itself throughout the whole narrative in her reaction to the current events as those predestined by God and sent to mere mortals as either a challenge or a reward. The wife of a pastor, Mrs Rowlandson constantly quotes the Bible which stands for the symbol of her faith and, when she comes into possession of one, serves as a source of inspiration and moral support both for her and her fellow captives. Not once in the worst moments of despair did she open the Bible and find quotes that provided consolation for the woman who preferred to perceive the reality through her religious convictions: â€Å"God was with me in a wonderful manner, carrying me along, and bearing up my spirit, that it did not quite fail† (Rowlandson 10). The Bible represents Mrs Rowlandson’s guide through the hardships of captivity, and yet leads to a series of delusions that prevent h er from seeing things as they are. According to the Protestant tradition, the Native Americans are viewed by Mrs Rowlandson as the representatives of the evil world totally opposed to the good Christians. The multiple epithets she uses to refer to the Indians are rather revealing: â€Å"murderous wretches†, â€Å"merciless heathen†, â€Å"the infidels†, â€Å"hell-hounds†, â€Å"barbarous creatures†, â€Å"pagans†, â€Å"wild beasts of the forests† (Rowlandson 6–9, 12, 18). Standardly considering the Protestant community to be the concentration of all holy and righteous, Mrs Rowlandson looks down upon her captors as hopelessly cruel and barbarous animals possessing nothing humane. However, such understanding of the Indians is utterly refuted by their attitude to the captured lady: throughout the whole period of her detention, the Indians take care of her not worse than of themselves, offering her food, shelter and remuneration for the small handwork she does for them.Advertising Looking for report on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On one occurrence they even see to it that Mrs Rowlandson’s feet do not get wet while their own are soaking; on another occurrence instead of burning the Bible none of them needs, the Indians choose to offer it to Mrs Rowlandson (Rowlandson 16, 19). But despite all their efforts, Mrs Rowlandson never acknowledges them as humane and considerate creatures, and ascribes all the positive experiences to God’s will. Mrs Rowlandson’s unshakeable belief in the immutability of God’s power over the Christians leads to her erroneous attitude towards the Indians who actually care about her, and prevents her from understanding and accepting their unique culture. In her fanatic belief, she fails to notice the resemblance between the religious ceremonies of the Indians and the Christians, and to recognize that human values of hospitality and care are common to every culture. When Mrs Rowlandson is held captive, her gratitude for the good things applies exclusively to God, and not to the people who actually do that good to her. The more hypocritical appears her praise of ‘the good Christians’ who act as benefactors to her after her release, since thus she reveals the attitude of inequality and discrimination characteristic of the sanctimonious moralists of the time. Works Cited Rowlandson, Mary. Captivity and Restoration. Fairfield, IA: 1st World Library, 2005. Print. This report on The Sovereignty and Goodness of God was written and submitted by user Ayden Weiss to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Can Social Structure Determine Individual Identity

Can Social Structure Determine Individual Identity Introduction Social structure can be defined as â€Å"patterned social arrangements in society that emerge from and also determine the actions of individuals† (Abrahams, 2006). At the macro level, social structure describes the socio-economic stratification system. At the micro level, social structure explains how the behaviors and actions of individuals are influenced by the norms of a given social system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can Social Structure Determine Individual Identity? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conceptualizing social structure as a pattern of relationships between various groups implies that the society comprises structurally related groups as well as roles. These groups have specific meanings as well as purposes. Individual identify refers to the set of cues and signals that differentiate persons in society. Identity is embedded in the self. The self develops through social interac tions that occur in complex, organized and differentiated societies. Consequently, the self is a reflection of the society and describes the link between social structure and identity determination. This paper attempts to explain how identity is determined through social structure. The theory of catnets as well as the theory of group expansion and development of individuality will be used in the explanation. Group Expansion and the Development of Individuality: Simmel This theory explains the relationship that exists between an individual and the society by singling out the relational pattern that is not only situationally and historically dependent, but is also developed through interactions (Calhoun, Classical Sociological Theory, 2007). The society is characterized by a typical and predictable structure that changes over time, and also varies in different institutional arrangements. However, there is an unchangeable ratio that links social differentiation and the group size. Grea ter differentiation tends to occur in large groups as compared to small ones. Simmel asserts that individuals exhibit a dualist drive. Individuals also live a dual relation in the sense that they derive satisfaction both in their distinction and in their belonging (Calhoun, Classical Sociological Theory, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The family is considered an extension of an individual’s personality. Additionally, the family illustrates how a given social circle can function under various perspectives and circumstances. In conclusion, individuality increases as the social circle in which an individual belong expands. This implies that social differentiation increases due to quantitative expansion of social groups. The Catnets by H White A net is a set of relationships that exist between pairs of people. The members of the net have meaningful and indir ect relationships with each other. However, the indirect relations are not institutionalized (Calhoun, Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2007). Relations within the net are partially recognized and conceptualized in concrete terms instead of being considered as well-defined relations. The existence of the net is indefinite, and each net has a culture observed by the members. A cat refers to a group of people associated with similar attributes. Membership within a cat is only important in the â€Å"context of the whole structure formed by the group† (Calhoun, Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2007). Thus, a catnets relationship can develop either from a net or a cat. A culture is developed to enable individuals to visualize, operate and transform their social structure. For instance, individuals enter and leave a net through specific rules. Concepts and Theoretical Strategy The theory of group expansion and the development of individuality explain how interactions of individua ls within a social group lead to the development of identity (Calhoun, Classical Sociological Theory, 2007). As the group increases in size, differentiation also increases, hence the development of individuality. Thus, this theory explains both action and social structure. In particular, it explains the actions (interaction) of individuals within a group and how such actions affect the social structure. The theory focuses on both macro and micro level of analysis by considering the individual and the group. The theory of catnets explains the relationships within various social groups and how such relationships lead to the development of identity (Calhoun, Classical Sociological Theory, 2007). According to this theory, each group has its culture which determines the relationships of its members. Thus, the theory explains the social structure. According to White’s theory, membership in a social group is meaningful only in the perspective the whole structure developed by the gro up’s members. Consequently, White’s analysis focuses on groups within the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can Social Structure Determine Individual Identity? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Causal Relationships Simmel’s theory describes the relationship between group expansion and individuality. Simmel notes that individuals are enclosed either broadly or narrowly by concentric circles that represent spatial interests. He points out that a small group such as the family, offers individuals initial differentiation before they join larger groups in the society. In this context, development of individuality is determined by the expansion of the social group. The developed individuality determines one’s identity. Thus, social structure can determine individual identity. Whites’ theory illustrates how social interactions within groups shape one’s identity. According to White’s theory, each group has a culture that helps them to develop their social structure. In this case, social structure determines individual identity in the sense that individuals are identified by the attributes of the culture associated with their social structure. Internal Validity The group expansion and development of individuality theory is concrete. The claim that individuality and differentiation increases as the size of the group increases can be explained on the basis of freedom. It is a fact that members of large social groups have greater freedom as compared to members of small social groups (Abrahams, 2006). The high level of freedom enhances the development of individuality. The theory also yield testable hypothesis that can be operationalized in social science research. For instance, we can hypothesize that freedom cause individuality. In this case, freedom can be operationalized in terms of measurable variables such as access to resources, ability to make personal decisions and rules that govern relationships. The theory of catnets is both generalizable and falsifiable. It is generalizable due to the fact that most relationships within social groups are based on some rules. Such rules are formulated based on the culture associated with the group. The theory is falsifiable since nets might not continue indefinitely in all circumstances as claimed by White. In some cases, assimilation can lead to the loss of cultural attributes that determine relationships (Abrahams, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such cases, the net can either be discontinued or it can be significantly changed from its original state. The theory of catnets can yield testable hypothesis that can be operationalized in social science research. For instance, we can hypothesize that culture determines individual identity. In this case, we can operationalize culture in terms of norms, means of production and lifestyles. External Validity The external validity of catnets theory can be illustrated by the social class structure. Members of upper class and lower class have unique cultures that define how they operate within and modify their class. For instance, the upper class tends to dress in expensive clothes and uphold good manners. However, the upper class is made up of several individuals. Consequently, an individual can only be identified with the attributes of the upper class if he belongs to the group that is considered to be upper class. The external validity of Simmel’s theory can also be explaine d through empirical evidence. The weakening of family ties in America, for instance, explains Simmel’s theory. As the families disintegrate in America, citizens tend to join large groups such as single mothers, divorcees and single fathers. These large social groups enable their members to have freedom and take control of their lives. For instance, a single mother will not experience the interference of a husband in her life. The lack of interference in the large social groups promotes differentiation since everyone is in charge of their lives. Thus, the differentiation translates into individuality. Conclusion Social structure is determined by the actions of individuals. It is developed through interactions and relationships of members of various social groups. The social structure informs the development of the self which in turn determines the development of individual identity. According to catnets theory, people develop cultures that help them to establish their social s tructure (Calhoun, Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2007). By belonging to the established social structures, and exhibiting the attributes associated with the social structure, individuals acquire their identity. The group expansion and development of identity theory asserts that differentiation and individuality increases as social groups increase in size. The expansion of the group leads to freedom that enables individuals to develop their identity. Consequently, social structure can determine individual identity. References Abrahams, F. (2006). Contemporary Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Calhoun, C. (2007). Classical Sociological Theory. New York: Blackwell. Calhoun, C. (2007). Contemporary Sociological Theory. New York: Blackwell.

Chumash uprising 1824 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chumash uprising 1824 - Research Paper Example This binary between the colonial and the colonized cultures was, understandably, something that the native communities found very hard to digest. The Chumash Uprising of 1824 was one such revolt that made it clear to the Spanish colonizers that a mindless devaluation of indigenous cultures and traditions would not be tolerated. There was little that these cultures could do in these situations in terms of their military might; however, they were able to mount cultural challenges through the preservation of their own cultures. This is what the Chumash did as well. Despite reverses as far as the military aspect of their revolt was concerned, they preserved their culture in certain ways through a following of their own religions and modes of production. However, one needs to explore why the Chumash felt the need to revolt in the first place. This was definitely because of the Spanish attempts to efface their culture and the indigenous modes of being. This led to tension that then bubbled over in the form of the Chumash uprising of 1824. This was then something that can be looked at as an assertion of an indigenous identity and the symbols and signs that are attached to it. The Spanish attempt to spread Catholicism was also a potent cause for the uprising. Indigenous cultures all around the world had religions of its own. The Chumash were no different as far as this aspect was concerned. They had their own religions and ways of living. This was what the Spanish colonizers chose to challenge as part of their mission. This was part of an impulse where they believed that they had a good knowledge of the Chumash society and their culture. This knowledge is what they used for the purpose of exercising their control over the Chumash society. Edward Said, in his seminal work on postcolonial societies and the phenomenon of colonialism, says that this notion of knowledge was then converted into power by the colonizers (Said 2000, 12). However, their imperfect knowledge led t o slippages in the exercise of their power and laid open room for revolts and uprisings such as the one that was carried out by the Chumash. The interstices of colonial narratives need to be looked into for a better understanding of such issues. They would help one understand the points at which the colonizer’s power was subverted and challenged. This would then lead to a better understanding even of postcolonial societies in general as a reconstruction of history is necessary for a better understanding of these societies. Another aspect of the colonization was the fact that the colonizers always encouraged only the nobility of the native country (Jackson and Castillo 1995, 36–37). If there was any possibility for the commoners to be a part of the colonial administration, there may have been a possibility that the natives would have cooperated with the colonial administration. However, this was not so in the case of the Chumash. The colonial administration often collab orated with the native nobility so as to oppress the commoners. This resulted in whatever support may have been possible for the colonizers to not emerge. This is not to point out any positive effect that colonialism may have had, but only to highlight how there was a nexus between the colonizer and the upper echelons of the colonized society. This then led to greater